Frankenstein Summary

 

Act 1: Letters 1-4

 

Chapter 1: Introduction to Victor Frankenstein’s childhood and family background.

 

In Chapter 1 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein recounts his early life in Geneva, Switzerland, highlighting his loving family and idyllic childhood. Born into a wealthy family, he describes his close bond with his parents, Alphonse and Caroline, and his deep affection for his adopted sister, Elizabeth Lavenza. Victor is particularly influenced by his mother’s nurturing spirit and her passion for helping others. As he grows, Victor becomes fascinated by science and the mysteries of nature, especially the works of ancient alchemists. His insatiable curiosity leads him to explore the limits of knowledge, setting the foundation for his future ambitions. This chapter establishes the themes of family, love, and the pursuit of knowledge, foreshadowing the profound consequences of Victor’s quest for understanding and mastery over life and death.

 

Chapter 2: Victor’s early interest in science and the natural world.

 

In Chapter 2 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein reflects on his childhood and early influences that shaped his interests in science and nature. He describes his close relationship with his parents and his beloved cousin, Elizabeth Lavenza. Fascinated by the works of alchemists like Cornelius Agrippa, Victor becomes increasingly absorbed in the pursuit of knowledge. He is particularly drawn to the mysteries of life and the natural world, believing that science holds the key to understanding these wonders. After a traumatic incident involving lightning striking a tree, Victor becomes even more determined to explore the secrets of creation and the power of nature. This chapter highlights the pivotal moments in Victor’s youth that ignite his ambition to delve into scientific experimentation, foreshadowing the tragic consequences of his relentless quest for knowledge and the desire to unlock the secrets of life itself.

 

Chapter 3: Victor’s time at university and meeting with Professor Waldman.

 

In Chapter 3 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein arrives at the University of Ingolstadt, filled with excitement and ambition. He meets Professor Waldman, whose passionate lectures ignite Victor’s enthusiasm for natural philosophy and chemistry. Waldman encourages Victor’s thirst for knowledge, inspiring him to pursue his studies with fervor. Victor becomes increasingly captivated by the secrets of life and death, driven by a desire to unlock the mysteries of creation. As he delves deeper into his studies, he becomes isolated from his family and friends, losing touch with the world around him. This chapter marks a significant turning point, as Victor’s fascination with science begins to overshadow his humanity, foreshadowing the dangerous consequences of his obsessive quest for knowledge. His determination to push the boundaries of science sets the stage for the tragic events that will unfold throughout the novel.

 

Chapter 4: Victor’s obsession with creating life and the beginning of his experiments.

 

In Chapter 4 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein becomes increasingly absorbed in his studies at the University of Ingolstadt. Driven by a desire to uncover the secrets of life, he immerses himself in the works of ancient alchemists and modern scientists, especially the theories of galvanism and the possibility of reanimating dead matter. As his obsession grows, Victor isolates himself from family and friends, neglecting his health and well-being in pursuit of knowledge. He begins to conduct experiments in his secluded apartment, gathering materials from graveyards and laboratories. Victor is motivated by a reckless ambition to create life, believing that he can surpass the boundaries of nature. This chapter highlights Victor’s transformation from an eager student to a man consumed by his ambition, foreshadowing the tragic consequences of his quest for knowledge as he embarks on the creation of the Creature that will ultimately haunt him.

 

Act 2: Chapters 5-8

 

Chapter 5: The creation of the Creature and Victor’s horror upon bringing it to life.

 

In Chapter 5 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein finally brings his creation to life. After years of intense study and obsessive experimentation, he awakens the Creature on a stormy night in his laboratory. However, upon seeing his creation for the first time, Victor is horrified by its monstrous appearance—its yellow eyes, yellowish skin, and grotesque features. Overwhelmed by fear and disgust, he flees from the laboratory, abandoning the Creature. Victor’s emotional turmoil escalates as he realizes the consequences of his ambition. He wanders through the city, plagued by nightmares and guilt over his failure to accept responsibility for his creation. The chapter highlights the theme of unchecked ambition and the moral implications of playing God, as Victor grapples with the reality of his actions and the life he has brought into the world, setting the stage for the tragic events that follow.

Chapter 6: Victor’s recovery and the letters from Elizabeth; family dynamics.

 

In Chapter 6 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein receives letters from his beloved Elizabeth, who expresses her concern for his well-being. After the traumatic events surrounding William’s murder and Justine’s wrongful execution, Victor is in a state of deep despair. He returns to his family, who provide him with comfort during this dark time. Elizabeth’s nurturing nature helps him regain some stability, but Victor remains plagued by guilt and horror over his creation of the Creature. As he reflects on the recent tragedies, he grapples with the consequences of his scientific ambitions. This chapter highlights the importance of family and emotional support, contrasting Victor’s internal turmoil with the warmth of his loved ones. It underscores the theme of isolation, as Victor’s secret burden continues to separate him from those who care for him, foreshadowing the tragic events that will unfold as a result of his actions.

 

Chapter 7: The news of William’s murder; Victor’s guilt and anxiety.

 

In Chapter 7 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein receives devastating news: his younger brother, William, has been murdered. Upon returning to Geneva, Victor is consumed by guilt, believing that the Creature he brought to life is responsible for the crime. As he arrives home, the atmosphere is heavy with grief, and Victor’s family is devastated. Justine Moritz, a beloved family friend, is accused of the murder, as William’s locket is found in her possession. Despite her innocence, the evidence against her is overwhelming. Victor feels a deep sense of responsibility for her fate, knowing that the Creature is the true culprit. This chapter highlights themes of guilt and the consequences of unchecked ambition, as Victor grapples with the fallout of his scientific pursuits. Justine’s trial and eventual condemnation serve as a poignant reminder of the tragic impact of Victor’s actions on those he loves.

 

Chapter 8: Justine Moritz’s trial and execution; the impact on Victor and his family.

 

In Chapter 8 of Frankenstein, the aftermath of William Frankenstein’s murder unfolds. Victor returns to Geneva, filled with dread and guilt, as he realizes that the Creature he created is responsible for the tragedy. The family mourns William’s death, and Victor’s father, Alphonse, attempts to comfort Elizabeth and Victor. Justine Moritz, a beloved family friend, is accused of the murder after a locket belonging to William is found in her possession. Despite her innocence, Justine is put on trial. Victor is tormented by guilt as he knows the true killer is the Creature he brought to life but feels powerless to reveal the truth. The trial is a grim reflection of societal injustice, and Justine’s conviction leads to her execution. Victor is devastated by the loss of both William and Justine, feeling an overwhelming sense of responsibility for their deaths and a deepening despair for his own actions.

 

Act 3: Chapters 9-12

Chapter 9: Victor’s retreat to the mountains and his struggle with guilt.

 

In Chapter 9 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein grapples with profound guilt and despair following the tragic murder of his younger brother, William. As he returns to Geneva, he is tormented by the belief that his own creation, the Creature, is responsible for the crime. The chapter emphasizes Victor’s inner turmoil as he reflects on his role in the events that have unfolded. His father, Alphonse, is consumed by grief, and the family struggles to cope with their loss. The trial of Justine Moritz, a family friend falsely accused of William’s murder, exacerbates Victor’s feelings of helplessness. He witnesses the injustice of Justine’s conviction and the painful consequences of his secret—his creation of the Creature. Overwhelmed by guilt and horror, Victor isolates himself, haunted by the idea that he has unleashed a malevolent force into the world, ultimately leading to the tragic events that follow.

 

Chapter 10: Victor’s encounter with the Creature; the Creature’s demand for a companion.

 

In Chapter 10 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein encounters the Creature he created in the mountains. The Creature, who has been shunned and feared by society, demands to be heard. He expresses his anguish and isolation, explaining that he seeks companionship and understanding. Victor, horrified by the Creature’s appearance, struggles with his emotions but is compelled to listen. The Creature reveals his suffering, recounting his experiences since his creation, including rejection and violence from humans. He implores Victor to create a female companion for him, promising to lead a peaceful life away from humanity if his request is granted. Victor is torn between his moral responsibilities and the fear of the potential consequences of creating another being. This chapter highlights themes of alienation, the need for companionship, and the moral dilemmas faced by Victor, setting the stage for the escalating conflict between creator and creation.

 

Chapter 11: The Creature’s perspective; his observations of the De Lacey family.

 

In Chapter 11 of Frankenstein, the narrative shifts to the Creature’s perspective, revealing his experiences as he observes the De Lacey family from a hidden vantage point. He learns about human emotions and relationships through their interactions, particularly noting their love, kindness, and struggles. The Creature becomes increasingly aware of his own loneliness and desire for companionship. He gathers firewood for them secretly and listens to their conversations, developing an understanding of language and social norms. Despite their kindness, he knows he cannot reveal himself due to his grotesque appearance. The Creature yearns for acceptance and dreams of befriending the family, imagining how he might be welcomed into their lives. However, he is also filled with despair, knowing that he is destined to remain an outsider. This chapter highlights the themes of isolation and the innate human longing for connection, emphasizing the Creature’s emotional depth and suffering.

Chapter 12: The Creature learns language and social customs.

 

In Chapter 12 of Frankenstein, the Creature observes the De Lacey family from a hidden location near their cottage. He learns about human emotions and social interactions by watching their daily lives. The family consists of an old blind man, De Lacey, and his children, Felix and Agatha. The Creature admires their kindness and warmth, which contrasts with his own loneliness and rejection. He secretly assists them by gathering firewood and helping with chores, hoping to earn their affection and acceptance. Through his observations, he learns to speak and read by listening to their conversations and watching them interact with a book. This chapter highlights the Creature’s developing understanding of human society and his deep longing for companionship. It also emphasizes themes of isolation, the innate desire for connection, and the impact of societal rejection on one’s identity and behavior.

 

Act 4: Chapters 13-16

 

Chapter 13: The Creature’s interaction with the De Lacey family.

 

In Chapter 13 of Frankenstein, the Creature continues to observe the De Lacey family, becoming increasingly captivated by their kindness and interactions. He learns language and social customs through their conversations, which deepens his desire for companionship and acceptance. The Creature witnesses their struggles and moments of joy, which evoke feelings of empathy and longing within him. He admires the family’s values, particularly their love and support for one another. During this time, he also discovers his own isolation and the stark contrast between their happiness and his loneliness. The chapter emphasizes the importance of social bonds and the Creature’s yearning for connection, highlighting the impact of isolation on his developing identity. His understanding of human emotions grows, igniting hope that he may one day integrate into society, despite the fear and rejection he has experienced due to his appearance.

Chapter 14: The history of the De Lacey family; their struggles and eventual rejection of the Creature.

 

In Chapter 14 of Frankenstein, the Creature learns about the history of the De Lacey family through their conversations and observations. He discovers that the family has suffered misfortune and has been exiled from their home, yet they exhibit kindness and love for one another. The Creature becomes enamored with their familial bond and longs for acceptance and companionship. He grows particularly attached to Safie, a foreign woman who arrives and symbolizes hope and love. As the Creature observes their interactions, he learns to speak and understand human emotions, deepening his desire for connection. He yearns to reveal himself to the De Laceys, believing they might accept him despite his monstrous appearance. However, he is aware of the prejudice he might face. This chapter highlights themes of isolation, the longing for belonging, and the innate desire for love and acceptance, contrasting the Creature’s experience with that of the De Lacey family.

 

Chapter 15: The Creature’s confrontation with the blind De Lacey and his subsequent rejection.

 

In Chapter 15 of Frankenstein, the Creature encounters a blind man named De Lacey, who lives in a small cottage. Seeking companionship, the Creature approaches De Lacey while the man’s family is away. The Creature engages in conversation with De Lacey, who cannot see his horrific appearance and treats him kindly, offering him food and companionship. Through their interaction, the Creature experiences a glimpse of human kindness and connection.

He also learns about the joys and sorrows of family life from De Lacey’s stories, deepening his desire for acceptance. However, when the rest of the De Lacey family returns and sees the Creature, they react with horror and violence, driving him away. This rejection reinforces the Creature’s feelings of loneliness and despair, solidifying his anger towards humanity and his creator, Victor Frankenstein, who has condemned him to a life of isolation and misery.

 

Chapter 16: The Creature’s wrath and the consequences of his rejection; he vows revenge against Victor.

 

In Chapter 16 of Frankenstein, the Creature, filled with rage and despair over his rejection by humanity, confronts Victor Frankenstein. He recounts his experiences with the De Lacey family, detailing how he learned to speak and understand human emotions while secretly observing them. Despite his attempts to connect with the family, their fear and revulsion upon seeing him lead to his isolation. Enraged by Victor’s abandonment and the injustice of his suffering, the Creature demands that Victor create a female companion for him, arguing that he deserves a chance at happiness and companionship. He threatens that if Victor refuses, he will continue to seek revenge against him, emphasizing the consequences of Victor’s negligence. The chapter highlights the themes of alienation, the quest for acceptance, and the repercussions of playing God, ultimately showcasing the Creature’s tragic struggle for identity and belonging.

 

Act 5: Chapters 17-20

 

Chapter 17: Victor’s reluctant agreement to create a female companion for the Creature.

 

In Chapter 17 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein reluctantly agrees to create a female companion for the Creature, who promises to retreat into solitude with her and leave humanity in peace. The Creature’s plea is driven by a profound sense of loneliness and despair after being rejected by society. Despite his horror at the consequences of his first creation, Victor feels compelled to fulfill the Creature’s request, seeing it as a way to prevent further violence. As he prepares for the journey to England, Victor grapples with his moral dilemmas and fears about the potential ramifications of creating a second being. He is torn between the desire to appease the Creature and the fear that a female companion may lead to the creation of a new race of monsters. This chapter emphasizes the themes of responsibility and the consequences of playing God, as Victor reflects on the dangers of his scientific pursuits.

 

Chapter 18: Victor’s journey to England and the burden of his promise.

 

In Chapter 18 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein grapples with the heavy responsibility of creating a companion for the Creature. He feels immense dread and reluctance, recognizing the potential consequences of bringing another being into existence. As he travels to England, he reflects on the dangers of his previous ambition and the sorrow caused by his creation. The journey allows him to experience both the beauty of nature and the weight of his internal conflict. Once in England, Victor meets with his former professor, who encourages his scientific pursuits. Despite this, he remains tormented by guilt and fear of the Creature’s wrath if he fails to fulfill his promise. The chapter emphasizes Victor’s moral dilemma and the consequences of his ambition, highlighting themes of responsibility and the ethical implications of scientific exploration. His internal struggle foreshadows the impending tragedy that will result from his decisions.

 

Chapter 19: Victor’s work on the female Creature and his ultimate decision to destroy it.

 

In Chapter 19 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein travels to England to fulfill his promise to create a female companion for the Creature. He feels a heavy burden of responsibility as he contemplates the implications of his decision. During his journey, he grapples with deep anxiety, fearing the potential consequences of creating another being like the Creature. Upon arriving in London, Victor is consumed by dread but continues his work, isolated and focused on the task at hand. He rents a remote apartment in Scotland, seeking solitude to conduct his experiments. However, as he begins to construct the female Creature, doubts arise about the morality of his actions. Ultimately, Victor is haunted by visions of the havoc that may ensue if he completes his task, leading him to confront the implications of creating life once more. This chapter highlights Victor’s internal conflict and foreshadows his decision to abandon his work.

Chapter 20: The Creare’s fury and the aftermath of Victor’s actions; death of Henry Clerval.

 

In Chapter 20 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein grapples with the consequences of his decision to create a female companion for the Creature. Overwhelmed by horror and guilt, he realizes that creating another being could lead to further chaos and suffering. Victor ultimately decides to destroy the unfinished female Creature, inciting the Creature’s wrath. In a fit of rage, the Creature confronts Victor, threatening him and vowing revenge for the destruction of his hope for companionship. Victor returns to Geneva, but his turmoil deepens when he learns of the death of his dear friend, Henry Clerval, who was found murdered. Overcome with grief and guilt, Victor feels responsible for the deaths resulting from his ambition. The chapter explores themes of responsibility, the consequences of playing god, and the spiraling impact of Victor’s choices, setting the stage for the tragic events that follow as he confronts the full extent of his creation’s fury.

 

Act 6: Chapters 21-24

 

Chapter 21: Victor’s return to Geneva and the emotional fallout.

 

In Chapter 21 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein returns to Geneva after the tragic murder of his friend Henry Clerval. Overwhelmed by grief and guilt, Victor struggles to comprehend the full extent of the Creature’s vengeance. Upon arriving home, he finds the city shrouded in a dark atmosphere, reflecting his despair. He is haunted by the recent loss and fears for the safety of his beloved wife, Elizabeth. Victor becomes increasingly paranoid, convinced that the Creature will target her next. His mental and emotional state deteriorates as he grapples with the consequences of his actions in creating life. The chapter emphasizes themes of responsibility and the repercussions of scientific ambition. Victor’s internal turmoil foreshadows the impending tragedy, as he is unable to find solace or peace in the face of the chaos unleashed by the Creature, leading to a sense of foreboding about the future.

 

Chapter 22: The fallout from Elizabeth’s murder; Victor’s despair.

 

In Chapter 22 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein returns to Geneva, devastated by the tragic murder of his beloved wife, Elizabeth. Consumed by grief and guilt, he realizes that the Creature he created is responsible for her death. Victor is determined to seek vengeance against his monstrous creation, which has taken everything he holds dear. As he grapples with his despair, he reflects on the consequences of his hubris and the destruction caused by his scientific ambitions. The tension mounts as Victor becomes increasingly obsessed with tracking down the Creature, believing that confronting it is the only way to find peace. This chapter underscores themes of loss, responsibility, and the pursuit of revenge, highlighting the profound impact of Victor’s actions on his life and the lives of those he loves. Ultimately, it sets the stage for the inevitable confrontation between creator and creation that will unfold in the following chapters.

Chapter 23: Victor’s quest for revenge against the Creature; his deteriorating mental state.

 

In Chapter 23 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein is consumed by grief and guilt after the murder of his beloved wife, Elizabeth. As he returns to Geneva, he is tormented by the realization that the Creature he created is responsible for her death. Overwhelmed by despair, Victor’s mental state deteriorates, leading him to obsessively seek revenge against the Creature. He becomes increasingly isolated from his family and friends, including his father, who is also mourning Elizabeth. The chapter emphasizes the deep consequences of Victor’s ambition and the monster he unleashed. As Victor’s health declines, he vows to track down the Creature, believing that confronting his creation is the only way to find peace and atone for the havoc his scientific pursuits have wrought. The chapter culminates in a sense of impending doom as Victor prepares for the confrontation, setting the stage for the final conflicts of the novel.

 

Chapter 24: The pursuit of the Creature; the novel’s conclusion and Walton’s encounter with Victor.

 

In Chapter 24 of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein, now a man consumed by grief and vengeance, relentlessly pursues the Creature that has caused him so much pain. After the tragic deaths of his loved ones, including Elizabeth and Henry, he becomes determined to confront his creation and end its reign of terror. Victor’s health deteriorates as he becomes increasingly obsessed, driven by guilt and anger. He embarks on a perilous journey through the Arctic, where he encounters Captain Walton and his crew. Victor shares his tragic story with Walton, warning him about the dangers of unchecked ambition and the pursuit of knowledge. As Victor succumbs to exhaustion and illness, he urges Walton to continue his quest for discovery but to do so with caution. The chapter concludes with Victor’s death, leaving Walton to reflect on the consequences of his own ambitions and the moral lessons inherent in Victor’s tragic fate.

 

CHARACTERS IN THE FRANKENSTEIN

 

Here’s a detailed list of key characters from Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, including their roles and significance in the story:

1. Victor Frankenstein: The novel’s protagonist and narrator, Victor is a brilliant scientist who becomes obsessed with creating life. His ambition leads him to construct a creature from dead body parts, resulting in tragic consequences as he grapples with guilt and responsibility for his creation.
2. The Creature: Often referred to as Frankenstein’s monster, the Creature is a sentient being created by Victor. Though initially benevolent, he becomes vengeful after facing rejection and isolation. His struggle for acceptance and understanding raises profound questions about humanity and moral responsibility.
3. Elizabeth Lavenza: Victor’s devoted fiancée and later wife, Elizabeth represents idealized femininity and domesticity. Her tragic fate underscores the consequences of Victor’s neglect and obsession with his work.
4. Henry Clerval: Victor’s childhood friend, who embodies the values of compassion and creativity. He contrasts with Victor’s scientific ambition and ultimately becomes a victim of the Creature’s wrath.
5. Alphonse Frankenstein: Victor’s father, who represents familial love and support. Alphonse is deeply concerned for Victor’s well-being, illustrating the importance of family bonds.
6. William Frankenstein: Victor’s youngest brother, whose murder at the hands of the Creature serves as a catalyst for Victor’s guilt and the unfolding tragedy. His death highlights the innocence lost due to Victor’s actions.
7. Justine Moritz: A close family friend who is unjustly accused and executed for William’s murder. Her fate reflects societal injustices and the consequences of Victor’s failure to take responsibility for his creation.
8. Robert Walton: An explorer who frames the narrative through his letters to his sister, Margaret. Walton’s ambition and desire for discovery mirror Victor’s own, and he serves as a foil to Victor, ultimately choosing not to repeat his mistakes.
9. The De Lacey Family: A family the Creature observes from afar. They represent the ideals of love, acceptance, and social connection, and their interactions with the Creature influence his understanding of humanity.
10. Safie: The daughter of a Turkish merchant, she becomes involved with the De Lacey family. Her character highlights themes of cultural clash and female agency.
11. The Creature’s Father: The ambiguous figure of the Creature’s origin, representing Victor’s failure as a creator. The Creature seeks a father figure and struggles with feelings of abandonment and rejection.
12. Professor Waldman: A mentor to Victor at the university, Waldman inspires Victor’s interest in science and the potential of creating life, influencing his path toward experimentation.

These characters contribute to the central themes of Frankenstein, including the dangers of unchecked ambition, the quest for knowledge, isolation, and the moral responsibilities of creation. The interactions and conflicts among these characters drive the narrative and provoke thought about human nature and ethics.

 

THEMES IN THE FRANKENSTEIN

 

Here are some key themes in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, each contributing to the novel’s exploration of human nature, ethics, and the consequences of ambition:

1. The Dangers of Ambition and Knowledge: Victor Frankenstein’s quest for knowledge and power leads him to create life, ultimately resulting in tragedy. The theme warns against the dangers of unchecked ambition and the moral implications of scientific exploration.
2. Isolation and Alienation: Both Victor and the Creature experience profound isolation. Victor isolates himself due to his obsession with his work, while the Creature is alienated by society’s rejection. This theme explores the consequences of loneliness and the human need for companionship.
3. The Nature of Humanity: The novel raises questions about what it means to be human. The Creature, despite his monstrous appearance, exhibits deep emotions and desires for acceptance, challenging societal perceptions of humanity based on outward appearances.
4. Responsibility and Creation: Victor’s failure to take responsibility for his creation leads to catastrophic consequences. The theme emphasizes the ethical responsibilities of creators toward their creations, highlighting the importance of accountability in scientific endeavors.
5. Societal Rejection and Prejudice: The Creature faces rejection and violence based on his appearance, reflecting societal prejudices. This theme examines how societal norms shape perceptions of the ‘other’ and the impact of discrimination on identity and self-worth.
6. The Role of Women: Female characters in Frankenstein, such as Elizabeth and Justine, often occupy traditional roles and are victims of male ambition. The novel critiques the limited agency of women in the context of a patriarchal society.
7. Family and Relationships: The importance of familial bonds and relationships is a recurring theme. The novel contrasts healthy relationships with those characterized by neglect, showcasing how love and support are essential to human well-being.
8. Nature vs. Nurture: The novel explores the idea that one’s environment and experiences shape identity. The Creature’s violent behavior stems from his rejection and isolation, raising questions about innate evil versus learned behavior.
9. The Sublime and Nature: Romantic ideals of nature are evident throughout the novel. Victor finds solace in nature, while the sublime landscapes serve as a backdrop for his emotional turmoil, highlighting the restorative and destructive powers of the natural world.
10. The Consequences of Revenge: The destructive nature of revenge is a central theme, particularly in the conflict between Victor and the Creature. Their mutual desire for vengeance leads to a cycle of suffering, emphasizing the futility of revenge as a means of resolution.

These themes collectively illustrate the moral and ethical dilemmas inherent in the pursuit of knowledge, the complexities of human relationships, and the profound consequences of individual choices in Frankenstein.